|
|
The factors influencing sensory quality of processed cheese analogues
Sůkalová, Kateřina ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Buňka,, František (advisor)
The presented thesis deals with the monitoring sensory quality of processed cheese analogues, focusing mainly on the taste (flavour) and related content of volatile (aroma active) substances. Model samples of analogues were produced by a standard procedure at Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The experimental part was divided into two experiments, which differed in the composition of model samples of analogues. In the first experiment, the traditional fat (butter) was completely replaced by selected vegetable fats (palm, coconut, mixed), in the second experiment only a part (1% w/w - expressed on the total weight of the sample) of butter was replaced by vegetable oils (apricot, flax seed, currant, grape seed). Solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to determine volatiles. Methods based on valid international standards were used to evaluate the sensory quality of samples, focusing mainly on flavor, namely evaluation using scales (ISO 4121), profile test (EN ISO 13299) and ranking test (ISO 8587). The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the addition of various vegetable fats/oils on the above parameters, at the same time their changes were monitored during 6 months of storage (at 6 ° C). The results showed that the vegetable oil used affects both the sensory quality and the content and composition of volatile substances of analogues. Significant differences between samples were mainly in taste, aroma and overall acceptability. The decreasing overall acceptability of the samples can be expressed in experiment I by the order: product with butter coconut palm mixed fat; in the case of experiment II: product with butter apricot = flax = grape currant oil. Mixed fat, currant and grape seed oil proved to be unsuitable for the production of analogues, on the contrary, analogues with coconut fat and apricot oil were evaluated best. Based on the results of sensory analyses, it was shown that the samples maintain a good sensory quality min. for 3 months while maintaining a low storage temperature ( 6 ° C). An analogue with coconut fat, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were rated as very good, and apricot oil, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were even rated as excellent, could enrich the food offer on the market.
|
|
|
The preparation and characterization of IGF2 prohormones
Potalitsyn, Pavlo ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
Insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 are protein hormones that share similar structural and functional features with insulin. They are commonly abbreviated as IGF1 and IGF2. They play important roles in prenatal development and throughout lifespan. Stimulation of growth of all cell types and significant metabolic effects also belong among their known functions. Dysregulation of their activity or elevated levels were observed in a number of diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cancer, hyperthyroidism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscle dystrophy, acromegaly, Laron dwarfism and other disorders. Functions of IGF2 are less studied than functions of the other members of the family and even less is known about precursors of IGF2. To address these issues we started with production of IGF2 analogues with enhanced specificity to IR for better understanding the mechanism of receptor activation by IGF2. We produced site-specific analogues modified at sites important for receptor binding. IGF2 analogue with Phe48His mutation is the strongest IGF2-derived binder for IR-A reported ever and it is able to activate IR-A to about 60% of insulin ability. We developed new rapid, robust, and sensitive binding assays for testing of ligands of the receptor for IGF2 (IGF2R). First, we immobilized domain 11 of...
|
|
|
Structural modification of haemanthamine
Babcová, Jitka ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Jitka Babcová Supervisor: prof. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Structural modification of haemanthamine The object of this diploma thesis was to prepare several derivates of alkaloid haemanthamine. Twelve aromatic esters of haemanthamine and two ethers were prepared. Compounds were identified by MS, NMR analysis and optical rotation and screened for their biological activities. Ten prepared derivates were screened for in vitro inhibitory activity againts hAChE and hBuChE. All derivates were considered inactive (IC50 ˃ 10 µM). Twelve derivates of haemanthamine were tested for thein antimycobacterial aktivity, using rifampicin as a standard. The most interesting antimycobacterial potencial against Mtb H37Ra strain has shown 11-O-(4-pentylbenzoyl)haemanthamine (MIC = 3,91 µg/ml), against M. aurum: 11-O-(4-tercbutyllbenzoyl)haemanthamine, 11-O-(1-naftoyl)haemanthamine a 11-O-(4-butylbenzoyl)haemanthamine (MICs = 7,81 µg/ml), against M. avium: 11-O-(4-pentylbenzoyl)haemanthamine, 11-O-(4-hexylbenzoyl)haemanthamine (MICs = 31,25 µg/ml), against M. kansasii: 11-O-(4-pentylbenzoyl)haemanthamine (MIC = 3,91 µg/ml), 11-O-(4-hexylbenzoyl)haemanthamine (MIC = 7,81...
|
|
|
The factors influencing sensory quality of processed cheese analogues
Sůkalová, Kateřina ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Buňka,, František (advisor)
The presented thesis deals with the monitoring sensory quality of processed cheese analogues, focusing mainly on the taste (flavour) and related content of volatile (aroma active) substances. Model samples of analogues were produced by a standard procedure at Tomas Bata University in Zlín. The experimental part was divided into two experiments, which differed in the composition of model samples of analogues. In the first experiment, the traditional fat (butter) was completely replaced by selected vegetable fats (palm, coconut, mixed), in the second experiment only a part (1% w/w - expressed on the total weight of the sample) of butter was replaced by vegetable oils (apricot, flax seed, currant, grape seed). Solid phase microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used to determine volatiles. Methods based on valid international standards were used to evaluate the sensory quality of samples, focusing mainly on flavor, namely evaluation using scales (ISO 4121), profile test (EN ISO 13299) and ranking test (ISO 8587). The aim of the work was to assess the effect of the addition of various vegetable fats/oils on the above parameters, at the same time their changes were monitored during 6 months of storage (at 6 ° C). The results showed that the vegetable oil used affects both the sensory quality and the content and composition of volatile substances of analogues. Significant differences between samples were mainly in taste, aroma and overall acceptability. The decreasing overall acceptability of the samples can be expressed in experiment I by the order: product with butter coconut palm mixed fat; in the case of experiment II: product with butter apricot = flax = grape currant oil. Mixed fat, currant and grape seed oil proved to be unsuitable for the production of analogues, on the contrary, analogues with coconut fat and apricot oil were evaluated best. Based on the results of sensory analyses, it was shown that the samples maintain a good sensory quality min. for 3 months while maintaining a low storage temperature ( 6 ° C). An analogue with coconut fat, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were rated as very good, and apricot oil, whose taste, aroma and acceptability were even rated as excellent, could enrich the food offer on the market.
|
|
|
Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae family as potential drugs in therapy of diseases of affluence
Breiterová, Kateřina ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Lapčík, Oldřich (referee) ; Nagy, Milan (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Mgr. Kateřina Breiterová Supervisor: Assoc. prof. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková PhD. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae family as potential drugs in therapy of diseases of affluence Key words: alkaloids, Amaryllidaceae, analogues, AChE, BuChE, POP, GSK-3β, cell cycle progression, apoptosis Narcissus cv. Professor Einstein was chosen based on results of previous screening studies for detailed phytochemical work for the purpose of isolation of the widest range of AmA. From 34,3 kg of fresh bulbs was obtained 31,7 g of purified alkaloidal extract, which was processed using column chromatography with stepwise elution by light petrol, chloroform and ethanol in different ratios to almost 500 fractions. These fractions were fused into 27 subfractions, which were processed by preparative TLC, vacuum column chromatography and crystallization. Finally, 25 pure alkaloids were isolated. All compounds were identified by GC-MS, ESI-MS, NMR, optical rotation and literature. One compound was identified as a new unpublished alkaloid of lycorine structure type. All alkaloids isolated in sufficient amount were tested for their biological activities associated with Alzheimer's disease (inhibition of...
|
|
|
Synthesis of haemanthamine derivatives
Marková, Jana ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee)
6 Abstract Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Jana Marková Supervisor: doc. Ing. Lucie Cahlíková, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Synthesis of haemanthamine derivatives Based on previous studies, the haemanthamine alkaloid showing remarkable antitumorous activity was chosen as the subject of this thesis. The purpose of the thesis was preparation of its more active derivatives, namely esters. Preparation concerns the following derivatives: 11- O- butanoylhaemanthamine, 11-O-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-haemanthamine, 11-O-(4- trifluoromethoxybenzoyl)-haemanthamine, 11-O-isobutanoyhaemanthamine. These were created by the reaction of haemanthamine and the relevant acilating agent (acylchloride, anhydride) in the environment of anhydrous pyridine or tetrahydrofuran with adding dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst. Most of the products were obtained in the form of colourless oil, one of the substances crystallized into white amorphous crystals. However, during an attempt of dioxolane ring opening, the preparation of 3-demethylhaemanthamine derivative proved unsuccessful. Prepared derivatives were mostly identified by EI-MS and NMR. All the substances were gained in sufficient outcomes in the scale of 43 - 81 %. All the compounds were...
|
|
|
The ability of Czech speakers to imitate the temporal structure of English words with and without Czech analogues
Jakšič, Jan ; Šturm, Pavel (advisor) ; Gráf, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the current thesis is to ascertain whether there is an effect of Czech analogues on the temporal structures of English words in realization of Czech speakers. The theoretical part of the thesis introduces three major areas of our focus: foreign accent, word stress, and duration. Definitions of relevant terms are presented and existing findings about the areas are summarized in this part. The empirical part consists of a research; the Czech speakers imitate English words with and without analogues after listening to a native speaker's realization. The temporal structures in realizations of the Czech speakers are compared to those in the native realizations. Apart from examining the temporal structures with respect to analogues, we also try to determine the possible effect of Czech stress placement on the durations of the English words and their segments in Czech realizations. The acquired data are analysed with regard to their significance and the results are subject to a discussion. Key words: Foreign Accent, Duration, Lexical Stress, the English of Czech Speakers, Analogues
|
|
|
Characterization of CART peptide analogs in vitro and in vivo
Nagelová, Veronika ; Maletínská, Lenka (advisor) ; Vybíral, Stanislav (referee)
Peptide CART (cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript) is a neuropeptide acting in the hypothalamus to reduce food intake (anorexigenic peptide). Despite all efforts the receptor and the mechanism of action is still unknown. This peptide has two biologically active forms, CART(55-102) and CART(61-102). Peptide CART is able to bind to pheochromocytoma cells PC12. PC12 cells differentiated in neuronal phenotype with NGF (nerve growth factor) showed a higher number of binding sites (11250 ± 2520 binding sites/cell) compared to undifferentiated cells (3600 ± 570 binding sites/cell). PC12 cells differentiated by dexamethasone to chromaffin cells showed high non-specific binding. Peptide CART contains three disulfide bridges. To clarify the importance of each disulfide bridge to maintain biological activity, analogues with one (analogue 3, 4 and 5) or two (2, 6, 7 and 8) disulfide bridges and a peptide analogue of CART (61-102), which has methionin at position 67 replaced with norleucine were synthesized. We showed that biological activity was unchanged at analogue 1 and analogue 7 containing disulfide bridges in positions 74-94 and 88-101. When investigating cell signaling in PC12 cells, we tested if peptide CART activate of c-Fos, c-Jun, phosphorylated ERK1/2, CREB, JNK and p38. CART peptide...
|
guest ::
